Organic “Breakfast” Food Testing Lab

2005

Abstract

The purpose of this lab is to find and test various types of organic molecules including proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates in common food products. Characteristics of organic molecules will be made evident by using different procedures and stains to identify the macromolecules.

Introduction

Can organic molecules be found in food? The chemistry of living systems is the chemistry of carbon-containing compounds. Carbon's unique chemical properties allow it to polymerize into chains by dehydration synthesis, forming key biological macromolecules such as: proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and (nucleic acids).

Proteins perform the chemistry of the cell. Proteins are linear polymers of amino acids. Because the 20 amino acids that occur in proteins have side groups with different chemical properties, the function and shape of a protein are critically affected by its particular sequence of amino acids. Proteins are typically characterized as fibrous or globular.

Lipids are not soluble in water. Fats are one type of water-insoluble molecules called lipids. Fats are molecules that contain many more C-H bonds than carbohydrates and, thus, provide a more efficient form of long-term energy storage. Other lipids include phospholipids and steroids.

Carbohydrates contain many CH bonds. Carbohydrates consist of monosaccharides or polymers of monosaccharides, and are used principally for energy, which is stored in their carbon-hydrogen bonds. The most metabolically important carbohydrate is glucose, a six-carbon sugar. Organisms often transport sugars as disaccharides and therefore, cannot be utilized wile they are being transported. Excess energy resources may be stored in complex sugar polymers called starches (in plants) and glycogen (in animals and fungi). The hypothesis is that proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates will be indicated in common food products.

Preparing to Extract Molecules	Using Heat to Break the Bonds
Bacon was One of the Food Products Used	Using an Indicator to Test for Proteins
Fun Picture….	Mashing Some of the Food for Testing